Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Computer Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandej, Iran
2 Department of Computer Engineering, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran
Abstract
Graph neural networks and fuzzy models offer effective and practical methods for solving various tasks at the large-scale graph level. Large-scale graph embedding based on deep methods and fuzzy models is categorized into fusion and integration. Feature extraction and graph structure at the local and global levels are based on augmented graph fusion. In fusion-based graph embedding, the fuzzy model is used as an activation function based on an aggregated process. In some cases, the fusion of graph neural network methods with fuzzy systems has been successful. However, no effective methods have been developed for integrating fuzzy models with deep methods. Two main issues are associated with this integration: (1) computational complexity due to the exponential increase in fuzzy rules with the number of features, and (2) the complexity of the solution space due to the combination of fuzzy regression rules between inputs and outputs. Additionally, modeling at the large-scale graph level using linear regression and graph neural networks is not sufficient. Therefore, this paper proposes a feature and structure combination method at the local and global levels using a combination of fuzzy modeling and graph transformers, an integrated deep learning technique called Fuzzy Graph Transformer (FuzzyGT). We conducted experiments on deep learning graph datasets to compare with the proposed model. Our method achieved the best results compared to other advanced models
Keywords
Main Subjects
and their decision making, Expert Systems, 38(2) (2021), e12626. https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12626
(2024), 125120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125120
Journal of Innovations in Computer Science and Engineering JICSE, no. Online First, 1(2) (2025). https://doi.
org/10.48308/jicse.2025.237378.1039
of interesting publications, in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents -
AGENTS ’98, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States: ACM Press, (1998), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1145/
280765.280786
representation learning, IEEE Transactions on Big Data, (2024), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBDATA.2024.
3489418
learning, arXiv, (2023). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2310.11025
arXiv, (2017). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.1710.06071
22111/ijfs.2020.5403
Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 20(7) (2023), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.22111/ijfs.2023.7630
in on-demand WRSNs for sustainable smart city, Expert Systems with Applications, 211 (2023), 118619.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.118619
monitoring using UAV-enabled rechargeable wireless sensor networks, Applied Soft Computing, 167 (2024), 112429.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2024.112429
k-shell decomposition to identify influential nodes in complex networks, The Journal of Supercomputing, 79(14)
(2023), 15597-15622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05296-y
and genetic algorithm for intrusion detection system, Measurement: Sensors, 30 (2023), 100933. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.measen.2023.100933
8(3) (2022), 2663-2693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-021-00637-x
and fuzzy logic, Knowledge-Based Systems, 233 (2021), 107538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2021.
107538
nonlinear modelling for engineering applications, ISA Transactions, 97 (2020), 130-142. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.isatra.2019.07.017
attention, arXiv, (2021). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2106.03893
for solving supplier selection problem with linguistic preferences, Applied Soft Computing, 60 (2017), 564-576.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2017.07.028
Systems, 25(4) (2017), 892-904. https://doi.org/10.1109/TFUZZ.2016.2586962
applications, International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, (2024), s40815-024-01821–0. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s40815-024-01821-0
Hammerstein system, Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 45(11) (2023), 2091-2102.
https://doi.org/10.1177/01423312221143777
1016/j.aiopen.2022.10.001
image segmentation: The case of rectal polyps and skin lesions, Applied Sciences, 13(16) (2023), 9121. https:
//doi.org/10.3390/app13169121
networks with discrete and distributed delay, Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 18(6) (2021), 13-28. https://doi.
org/10.22111/ijfs.2021.6330
Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 32(7) (2024), 3861-3878. https://doi.org/10.1109/TFUZZ.2024.3387429
sensor networks, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 11(3) (2024), 4076-4084. https://doi.org/10.1109/
JIOT.2023.3300774
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 85 (2019), 845-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.
2019.08.010
as a Conference Paper at ICLR, (2020). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.1905.10947
[30] P. Pham, An integrated simplicial neural network with neuro-fuzzy network for graph embedding, International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 16 (2025), 233-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-024-02201-8
ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Virtual Event Queensland Australia:
ACM, (2021), 1528-1537. https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482316
Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 19(3) (2022), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.22111/ijfs.2022.6949
using binary whale optimization algorithm and fuzzy inference system, The Journal of Supercomputing, 81(1)
(2025), 209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06556-1
Artificial Intelligence Review, 58(3) (2025), 73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11058-w
A review of methods and applications, Proceedings of the IEEE, 109(3) (2021), 247-278. https://doi.org/10.
1109/JPROC.2021.3060483
//doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.1803.02155
the integrated fusion of fuzzy learning and graph neural network, Information Fusion, 102 (2024), 102067. https:
//doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.102067
systems, Processes, 10(2) (2022), 2664. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122664
Fuzzy Sets for Intelligent Systems, Elsevier, (1993), 387-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-1450-4.
50045-6
trends, challenges, and future perspectives: A systematic survey, Artificial Intelligence Review, 56(2) (2023), 865-
913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10188-3
review of applications and advances, Systems Science and Control Engineering, 12(1) (2024), 2394429.https:
//doi.org/10.1080/21642583.2024.2394429
https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.1710.10903
clustering, Neural Computing and Applications, 35(33) (2023), 24015-24035. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00521-023-08974-3
mechanism in the Yangtze river basin runoff prediction, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 47 (2023), 101438.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101438
Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 32(1) (2021), 4-24. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.
2020.2978386
on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID), Hangzhou, China: IEEE, (2019), 196-199. https://doi.org/
10.1109/ISCID.2019.10128
mixed-process signal classification, Expert Systems with Applications, 172 (2021), 114642. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.eswa.2021.114642
Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 36(3) (2025), 4345-4357. https://doi.org/10.1109/
TNNLS.2024.3371432
weight inheritance, Information Sciences, 667 (2024), 120466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2024.120466
(2022), 104-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2022.05.026
10.48550/ARXIV.1911.06455
Information Fusion, 101 (2024), 101977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101977
Social Networks, 6(1) (2019), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40649-019-0069-y
arXiv, (2020). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2001.05140